Second National Conference on Translation and Terminology Report under the theme: “Translation and the Problematic Issues of Linguistic Terminology” 2014

Second National Conference on Translation and Terminology Report under the theme: Translation and the Problematic Issues of Linguistic Terminology 2014

To Pay Tribute to Professor Lhassan Benaesher

26th-27th November, 2014 Venue: Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences, and Faculty of Arabic Language – Marrakesh. The Knowledge Integration and Translation Laboratory at the Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences – Marrakesh- in collaboration with the Research Structure in Text and Speech Matters in the faculty of Arabic Language -Al-KARAOUINE University – Marrakesh organized the second national conference on translation and terminology under the theme: “Translation and the Problematic issues of Linguistic Terminology” at both the Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences and the faculty of Arabic Language in Marrakesh on 26th and 27th November ,2014. The program of the second national conference consisted of several scientific sessions which knew interventions of many research professors from different faculties of letters and human sciences, and research centers in Morocco. There was media coverage throughout the conference as well as the attendance of a significant number of guests and followers from Morocco and outside it. This convivial scientific event was crowned by thanking all those who contributed to the success of the conference and paying tribute to Dr. Professor LHassan Benaeshr for his dedication and invested efforts towards science and learners. Opening session Dr. Moulay Mamoun Marini, Vice Dean of the Faculty of Arabic Language of Marrakech, presided over the opening session, and he sincerely thanked Mr. Ali El-Fakir, the director of doctoral Center and the representative of the Dean of the Faculty and Human Sciences in Marrakech, professor AbdelHamid Zahid, the director of Translation Laboratory and Knowledge Integration at the Faculty Human Sciences in Marrakech, and professor Ahmed Kadem, the coordinator of the Research Structure in Text and Speech Matters in the faculty of Arabic Language in Marrakech. He also praised the honored scholar, Dr. Professor Lhassan Benaeshr. Then he gave the floor to the organizing committees of this scientific meeting successively: Professor Ali El-Fakir, the director of the doctorate Center in the Faculty of Letters, delivered a speech on behalf of Mrs. Widad Altbaa, the Dean of the Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences, and noted a set of related points to translation and its problematic issues; he highlighted that the situation becomes more complicated when it comes to terminology. And to this end, the theme of the conference, the Translation and the Problematic Issues of Linguistic Terminology is of a paramount importance. He also expressed his happiness in honoring the reverent scholar and ‘Sheikh’ Dr. LHassan Benaeshr, who is the educator of many generations and one of the pioneer founders of linguistics course in Cadi Ayyad University and Moroccan universities as a whole. Finally, Professor Ali El-Fakir thanked the organizers of this conference namely, Translation Laboratory and Knowledge Integration at the Faculty of Letters in Marrakech, which, despite its recent foundation, has become both national and international academic and scientific center thanks to its national and international scientific activities. He also praised the Research Structure in Text and Speech Matters in the faculty of Arabic Language, for their support to the conference and to the activities hold by the Faculty of Arabic Language represented by its dean, Mr. Mohamed Azhari, who does not spare any financial or moral support in organizing such scientific events. Mr. Moulay Mamoun Marini, Vice Dean of the Faculty of Arabic Language Marrakech, on behalf of the Dean of the Faculty of Arabic Language, highly spoke of the great and valuable efforts exerted by Translation Laboratory and knowledge integration and the new acquired habit/ trend, which has become the axis of every meeting. This trend concerned with paying tribute and valuing the venerable professors who have taught many generations of students. Then he acknowledged the coordination enacted by the director of Translation Laboratory and knowledge Integration with professors from the Faculty of Arabic language and some groups of researchers; and he considered this act a noble one and wished it could live up to an institutional and organized work which has its commitments and objectives in scientific research that serves students and professors. He also noted the high participatory and coordination between the administrations of the Faculty of letters and the Faculty of Arabic language. Finally, he praised the honored Dr. LHassan Benaeshr and wished a successful conference. Dr. Ahmed kadem delivered a speech on behalf of the research Structure in rhetoric and speech at the Faculty of Arabic language; he expressed his special thanks to Mrs. Tbbaa, the Dean of the Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences and the Director of the Translation Laboratory and his team work. He stated that such event is in the same vein of the efforts made by the Faculty of letters to promote training and scientific research. He mentioned that the choice of Translation and the Problematic Issue of the Linguistic Terminology as a theme falls in the general context, which answers today’s questions to be formulated in accordance with the contemporary requirements of scientific curricula . He concluded with citing the quality and the quantity of the proposed topics and wished of Allah successful conference; then he wished Dr. LHassan Benaeshr more brilliance and productivity. In the name of Translation Laboratory and the Integration of Knowledge, Dr. Abdellah Al –Rochdi delivered a speech confirming that the theme of the conference “Translation and the Problematic issues of Linguistic Terminology “is a specialized topic shifting from the translation of the term in general to the translation of linguistic term in particular. With this precise specification, we can finger point the real problems of the subject. He added that the aim of the lab is to give the floor to the researchers and specialists participating with their scientific papers to give their points of view and those of their counterparts hoping that we can provide some reassuring answers to the perplexing problematic raised by the translation of linguistic terminology; and this is a scientific concern that the laboratory has to shoulder. In order to achieve the scientific objectives of the laboratory, two master programs: “Translation“ in English and “ language and text“ were created this year, as an extension of the scientific concerns of the laboratory. He then thanked all contributors who are supporting and participating in the organization of this conference. In addition, he extended his sincere thanks to the guests who answered the invitation and contributed in the conference bearing the burden of trip. He also gave thanks and greetings to members of the laboratory, namely The Honorable Dr. Hassane Darrir, the vital active member of the laboratory, Dr. Moulay Mustafa Abu Hazim, the esteemed coordinator of the Structure of Arabic Language: its descriptions and problematic issues, for his scientific and moral support to the activities of the laboratory, the Organizing Committee, consisting of students of the translation laboratory and knowledge integration and for their sincere and serious efforts invested for the sake of scientific and academic knowledge gains and their vigorous endeavors in order to make the activities of the laboratory successful ,especially the student, Mr. Abdel Aziz JAB ALLAh. In his conclusion, Mr. Al-Rochdi called on the honorable attendance to give a stand to pay homage and gratitude to the venerated Prof. Dr. Abdel Hamid Zahid, the director of the translation laboratory and knowledge integration and in recognition of his contributions to the advancement of scientific excellence scene at the Faculty of letters and Human Sciences, and pointed out his outstanding efforts in student training. The Inaugural lecture: “The term « Semiotics »: duality of the origin and the multiplicity of Translations” by Dr. Abdel Wahed Almorabet (Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences – Marrakech). This lecture was chaired by Dr. Abdel Jalil Al-Azadi, from the Faculty of Letters in Marrakech, who emphasized that the topic “Translation and the Problematic Issues of Linguistic Terminology”, the conference discusses, needs more seminars and scientific meetings. He also noted that the appearance of the book « Course in General Linguistics » by Ferdinand De Saussure gave hints to the possibility of establishing a special science which studies life of signs; and “Linguistics“ could be a branch of it. This science has emerged under two terms: The first one is “Semiology” used in Europe, and the second one is “Semiotics” used in the United States of America. Despite this problem of duality, this science could impose its theses, methods, and terminology on all fields of knowledge. Then Dr. Al-Azadi came to the conclusion that no matter how we approach the problematic of translation of the term “ semiotics”, the most that can be reached is the renewal of the old questions and problematic. Later on he introduced Dr. Professor Abdel Wahed Almorabet and his works and then gave him floor. Inaugural lecture: Professor Abdel Wahed Almorabet Welcomed the attendees and thanked both Dr. Abdel Jalil Al-Azadi and the translation laboratory and Integration of Knowledge in the person of Professor Abdel Hamid Zahid and Mr. Abdellah AlRochdi. And he confirmed at the beginning of his speech that this paper is a part of an extensive research that deals with issues of semiotics, specifically in the field of literary criticism, from different aspects, including linguistics and the translation of the linguistic term. At the beginning of his lecture, he briefly defined the term then moved on to emphasize the importance of the term and terminology in Arabic culture since ancient times, and the importance of translation of the term, depending on its original pattern and the pattern of the culture it is translated to. And then he set a definition of the term in the field of linguistics and semiotics that describes the linguistic phenomena or quasi-linguistic patterns that are derived from the terminology and thematization, and so is the dual nature of the term in this field. It is within this particular situation, that another double sided confusion resulted; the first part of it is related to the term in its Western cultural context before translation, and the second part is related to the translation of the term in the Arab context. This study exposes the issue of translation of the term in its most difficult and intractable aspect. Because the term Semiology / Semiotics firstly, it is a proper name that designates a science and at the same time it carries a concept; secondly, it emerged with double labels (semiologie/ semiotics) leaving space for a paradox based on branching in and out; and thirdly, it has undergone different epistemological selections that diverged into different methodologies; and finally, because the Arab researchers have given this term many different and multiple Arabic translations. The researcher, Abdel Wahed Almorabet mentioned that there are suggestions and attempts in the West to adjust the use of the two terms: Semiology and Semiotics; however, he pointed out that this duality is not restricted to the term itself, but it goes beyond the French or English or any other semiotic field. So, how did the Arab Translator deal with a term that did not enjoy stability in its original environment? And what are the cultural variables that can determine the position of this term and ensure its harmony and stability? It is noticeable that the current terminology in the Arab Researches and Arab Translations, is established through translations that focus on the signifier, by relying on linguistic borrowing, in its both sections: Arabization and loanwords; while other translations focus on the signified by presenting a translation that is a semantic definition of the term; however, both methods did not meet the required stability, but rather they just added more disruption with multiple terms. The researcher concluded that the best translation needs to evoke the three ranks of translation proposed by the philosopher Taha Abdel Rahman: 1- Accumulative translation represented by the first type of translation, 2- Communicative translation adopted by the second mode of translation of the term, 3- Finally deep rooting / originating translation, for which he suggested a number of terms, including «semiotics»; this proposal seeks to revive the historical term and load it with contemporary connotations while retaining certain aspects of its heritage significance. Professor Almorabet ended his lecture by opting for the term «السيمياء», because it combines to some extent between accumulative, communicative and originating translations. It simulates the origins of both foreign terms (semiology and semiotics) incidentally; and it carries some meaningful connotations of knowledge. This term is also deeply rooted in the ancient Arabic communicative and scientific usage. Besides, this term resembles the Greek origin vocally, semantically and at the phenomenological level. The professor also stressed that the choice of this historical term should not take a rigid orientation which eliminates diligence and gives the illusion that the modern science of signs is nothing but the old Arabic semiotics «السيمياء», because this orientation has serious consequences and the least ones are the cognitive projection and temporal and cultural contradiction. The First Scientific Session: This session is chaired by Dr. Mohammed Etaqui from the Faculty of Letters Beni Mellal, and it included two scientific interventions: The first Intervention: “Vanguards of concepts and the Linguistic Terminology in Tammam Hassan`s book « Methods of Research in the Language»” by Dr. Mustafa Ghalfan (Faculty of letters, Ain Choq- Casablanca). Professor Ghalfan initially spoke about many problems posed by the linguistic term in the Arabic culture compared to the problems posed in its original environment. Then he confirmed that the efforts of a group of Arab researchers in the linguistic field did not receive the proper care and attention, among them is the Egyptian thinker and researcher Tammam Hassan. Before he mentioned the contributions of Tammam Hassan, Dr. Ghalfan gave the reasons for his choice of the book “Methods of Research in the Language “.One of these reasons is the fact that this book is one of the first Arabic linguistic writings that have transferred or translated linguistic concepts of the Western culture to the Arab one. This proves that the pioneers of the Arabic linguistic course have dealt with the problematic of terminology differently from modern researchers. Then Professor Ghalfan pointed to the openness of the Arab countries on the western culture through the translation of its concepts; and he also pointed out the originality of concepts that Tammam Hassan meticulously translated. Then professor Ghalfan informed about the explanations that Tammam Hassan gave which in turn shows his assimilation and knowledge of the most important Western theory concepts; besides the preciseness of the definitions he formulated either by reduction, explanation, examples, or comparison. And professor Ghalfan concluded his intervention by introducing a set of observations. The most important ones are the dominance of the phonic term in his book, as well as the restoration of the historical term, and thus if we compare the book “Methods of Research in the Language” with its contemporary books, Tammam`s book is characterized by the preciseness of the terminological methodology. The Second presentation: “Unification Problematic of Linguistic Terminology” By Dr. Mohammad El-Hachemi (Faculty of Letters Daher Almehraz – Fes). The presentation aims to study the translation of the linguistic terms according to a systemic based perception in regard to the term properties,to achieve terminology standardization to avoid confusion and chaos in translating linguistic terms, because translation is a mental process that is performed by the translator at once, and so for several reasons that the researcher summed up in two points: The first one is the importance of translation in building both conceptual and deductive systems in science, to the point that every science exalts with prevalent terminology. And the second one is that quite a good number of the linguistic terms translated in the functional grammar theory is confusing, which affects negatively the engineering of the theory. Thus the researcher followed methodological steps to address these problems and he mentioned the following points: – The functional linguistic term related to the context of origination and evolution. – Regulations and pitfalls in translating the characteristics of the functional linguistic term. – Prospects of research offered by the Translation of the linguistic term. In the context of characteristics that feature the functional linguistic term, he talked about three characteristics: Firstly, the belonging to the conceptual field; secondly, regularity within a system of related terms, and thirdly, the characteristic of usage between a category of specialists. And so the researcher wondered about the most important gaps arising from the translation of the functional linguistic terms. And confined the gaps to the way the term is dealt with single-handedly, which creates a kind of confusion and inconsistency in translation which in turn affects the entire linguistic theory, brings about its destruction and receives inaccurate translated terms. Then “Dr. Mohammed Al-Hashemi”, the researcher, concluded his intervention with some proposals to overcome the problematic of linguistic terms translation as he restricted them as follows: – Linguistic terms should be translated based on principles, namely the scientific regulations of linguistic translation. -Openness on other fields of knowledge that could be useful in translating these linguistic terms (e.g. science of cognitive psychology) -Keeping up with the current evolution in the field of modern information technologies, to know about the updates in translation technology. -Benefiting From the leading institutions expertise and their experiences in the field of translation and localization of terms. -Reinforcing the relationship between translation and the science of terminology and starting a scientific cognitive revolution led by young researchers. -Adopting the Systemic methodology in the translation of terms that take into account the characteristics of linguistic terms. -Searching for the characteristics of the term within the latest models of functional discourse. -Exploiting research results in linguistic terminology, and in several other fields such as pedagogical communication and discourse analysis etc… The Second Scientific Session: Doctor Abdullah Al Rochdi, of Dar al-Hadith Hassania in Rabat, headed this session and it included two scientific presentations: The first presentation: “The Analogous – Translation of Terms” by Dr. Mohammed Khatabi (Faculty of Letters Ibn Zohr- Agadir). After thanking the organizers of this scientific meeting, Dr. Mohammed khatabi, considered that translation by analogy is one of the basic techniques, that researchers have resorted to, to overcome many of the problematics in transferring Western terminology into Arabic; and he means the dual process by which the employment of the patrimonial term is highlighted, and thus translating a foreign term with its equivalent from the cultural perspective. And the goal is to consider the credibility of this equation and the equality of the conceptual, rather than the linguistic, point of view. As the linguistic power declines and the conceptual one is highlighted which provides an easy solution for translators. Dr. khatabi stressed the fact that no one denies that Arabic language has a huge terminological legacy in the ancient knowledge, as well as the diligence of the ancient Arab scientists in overcoming the terminological issue, This richness of the Arab heritage pushed many researchers to hold numerous meetings for consideration and investigation. Some of these meetings concluded that considering the terminological heritage is one of the basic means to address the current term problems; and the solution as stated in the recommendations of one of these meetings is: “the use of linguistic means in generating the new scientific terms according to the following order: heritage then generating by metaphor, derivation, Arabization, and coinage“… One of these scientific meetings mentioned by Dr.khatabi is the conference organized by the Moroccan magazine ” Debate – المناظرة” entitled: “The inherited term between activation and negligence,” he was contented with quoting the views of three researchers who participated in this conference: The first quote by the late Professor Mohammed Abed al-Jabri, the second by Professor Ahmed Mutawakkil, and the third by Professor Ali Qasimi .And he pointed out that there should be a reservation on the opinion of Al-Jabri because the process of taking a term that was generated under a certain science, within a certain cultural environment background and propose it as an equivalent to translate a new term, has many pitfalls. At the same time Dr. khatabi stressed that the opinion of Ali Al Qasimi is to a large extent right in abiding by inherited and the foreign terms that have the same concepts, but apart from that requires caution. And he suggested a name to the phenomenon under study: “translation by analogy” or what he thinks is analogous. What he means by that is the resorting of the translator to terms employed in various fields of knowledge that were made parallel equivalents of the foreign terms, and naming it as “the analogous” is due to what the translator sees similar between the concepts of two terms in two concerned cultures, and thus the conceptual significance of the two terms is equal for dictionary compilers. At the end Dr Khatabi indicated that there is lack of supporting arguments of the translation by analogy. Then he concluded his research by saying that: every attempt that seeks to translate by analogous or analogy or even by delusion is doomed to failure. The second intervention: “The problematic of Preserving the Significance of Translated Term” By Dr. Fatima Saham (Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences- Marrakesh). At the outset of her presentation, professor Saham pointed out the importance of stopping at the essence of the term, and she provided a definition of the term. She touched upon the efforts of Western linguists in the study of the term through a variety of schools (School of Vienna, Prague School, Russian formalism). She also elaborated on the relationship between the concept and the term. After that professor Saham talked about the linguistic the idiomatic significance. Then she talked about redundancies in German language; and she came to the conclusion -as she sees- that it is impossible to translate to German language. Later she dealt with translation of compound words in German language, deducing that the translator can overcome the following errors: -Literal translation. -The use of Localized terms. i.e. being aware of the other existing terms. Then she presented the following proposals to be considered by the translator: -Defining and explaining the terms, whether they are Arabic or Arabatized terms, and then turning to the original science where term first appeared. -And the creation of a term bank. -Give new translation of the terms. -Standardization of common Arabic and foreign terms so that everyone can make use of. The Third Scientific Session: This session, consisted of two presentations, was headed by Dr. Mohammed Helo, from the Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences in Marrakech. The first presentation: “Phonetics and Phonology between the Transfer of the Content of Knowledge and the Problem of Wording” by Dr. Mohammed Attaqui (Faculty of Letters- Beni Mellal). Dr. Attaqui started his speech by stating that the study of phonetic terms, their equivalents and their critique is a consumed study. Then he moved on to introduce the most important problems and questions that are related to the topic of his speech. Perhaps the most important one is the fact that the linguistic term is inconstant in the source language, because it is derived from other Sciences; the term Linguistic for example, existed before Saussure, but he transferred it to the field of language and made it a term of the science that studies the language, and then the transfer of this term into Arabic language posed a big problem. And to solve this problem, professor Attaqui believes that the compilation of terms of a particular scientific sector is the responsibility of those who are in charge of this science. So, why should we resort to linguistic corpora as central and formal institutions? Are we looking for an official spokesperson? The pursuit behind the standardization of terminology is almost an illusion and a deceitful imagination. Therefore, we have to think about managing diversity that is justified, mainly the multiplicity of linguistic fields. And the management of this diversity is controlled by the cognitive scientific power through the scientific production, scientific competitiveness, and scientific domination; in other words, resorting to the authority of production, marketing and reception. The second side of the problematic of the linguistic term translation is the transfer of the content of the linguistic sciences including phonetics, phonology, syntax structure, semantics and lexicon etc. Perhaps the solution to this problematic requires a shift from the mere transfer of the content to the production of a term that lends itself to transfer. The second presentation: “The Translated Phonetic Term and the Problem of Standardization” by Dr. Abdelrazaq Jaanid (Faculty of letters, Al-Jadida). In the beginning of his speech, the professor outlined three tackled axes, which are the following: -Comparing some phonetic terms listed in some dictionaries. -Monitoring some reasons of the differences in the translation of the phonetic term. -Suggesting a methodical conception as a way out of the crisis of multiplicity of phonetic terms translated into Arabic, and to come up with a standardized glossary according to a unified plan. The Professor discussed the phonetic term and the problematic it poses – in translation – at the level of understanding and communication. He noted that the core of the problem lies in the newly generated terms in Arabic language, that is to say the newly coined terms. And hence it has become mandatory for Arab researchers to look for a foundation of this term in foreign languages. And he added that this phenomenon is not specific to Arabic language but to other languages as well. Then the Professor pointed out the reasons of difference in translation as follows: -Multiplicity of methodologies of coining and translating the term and the inconsistency of these methodologies among researchers either by translating, generating or Arabization. -Imprecision in linking the term with its specialized scientific field. -Combination in translation between derivation and Arabization. -Difference Between abstract translation and domestication. -Ambiguity of the concept for the translator. As the professor presented examples in this concern. To overcome these problems, Mr. Jaanid proposed allocating a single term for each scientific concept, by getting rid of Synonymy and Homonym and anything that leads to ambiguity and confusion in the language; then combining the efforts of linguists, terminologists, translators, dictionary compilers, and phoneticians to achieve this end. Although its effects do not stop at the removal of obstacles, but still it can restrict the choice of the multiplicity through controls and rules during the process of coinage, which provides a major effort that can spare a lot of efforts and help to coin a new unified term. Thus, the first day of the seminar was concluded, so that it would resume the second day in The Faculty of the Arabic Language Marrakesh according to the following program: The Fourth Scientific Session: This session was presided by Doctor Mohammed Khatabi, from Faculty of Letters & Human Sciences Ibn Zohr in Agadir, and it included two presentations: First presentation: “Linguistic Fundamentals in the Construction of the Fantasy Discourse” Dr. Abdel Hai Al-Abbas (The Faculty of The Arabic Language – Marrakesh). He started by talking about the language in the scientific discourse in which the research topic is characterized by objectivity where the language is at zero degree; whereas the language in the creative discourse is characterized by being the expression of a personal experience (poetry, story, novel, play, joke …), and thus it is subjective, that is to say (above zero degree). And it is also free from the term yet dominated by the lexicon of the language and the stylistic structures (analogy, a metaphor …) and it is the central component in creativity. Then he moved on to talk about the second axis, entitled “fantasy and the principle of super-naturalism,” in which he talked about the reception and the principle of mental systems which are divided into: – Normal (seeing what is unfamiliar) – Linguistic (reading what is familiar) – Linguistic (reading what is unfamiliar) Then he talked about the third axis, entitled “super-naturalism in and by the language.” where he talked about the fundamentals of the language and the rules of the narrative act: the relationship between the act and the self (the body). The act here means a set of practices that the selves do in the natural reality; whereas, the event in the narrative discourse is related to the self (the body), and it is the centerpiece of the actual practices wherever they are. Then he moved to talk about the character in the narrative discourse because the fantastic property in the creative discourse requires necessarily: supernatural characters (selves), and the impossibility of supernatural events (acts).Then he pointed to the character and the event in narrative discourse, and he considered the character as a constructive product in the creative discourse, and if supernaturalism occurs , it is then fantasy because it doesn’t represent what is normal and natural; and if supernaturalism does not occur, then it represents what is normal and natural. The event is a continuous element in an uncontrolled scope of time. It is observed through the character, it is neither stripped from itself nor can`t be singular or plural. The event is a constructive process in the creative discourse as it does not super-naturalize the event, and it represents itself in supernatural or normal context. And then he reached the axis of super-naturalizing the system and creating the supernatural character, where he differentiated between the natural character that is characterized by a normal system, and the supernatural character who has a natural personality with supernatural features, as an example of this: a merchant who is short, brown, plump, intelligent, cunning, traveler, with fingers that have snake heads. One of the types of super-naturalism is assigning narrative events to a character considered a supernatural by the recipient; so super-naturalism becomes a narrative technique that occurs through the language and in the language system, and it has four rules: – The first rule: super-naturalism by “exaggeration”: the expansion in a distinctive feature in terms of size – e.g.: (a sailing ship mooring on an island, which is a huge turtle) -, or in terms of number -e.g.: (the baby ate sixty eggs at once) – – Or it could be in terms of measures like in time measures e.g.: ﴾Said one who had knowledge of the Book: “I will bring it to thee within the twinkling of an eye!﴿”( ants: 39), 4-﴾The angels and the spirit ascend unto Him in a Day the measure whereof is (as) fifty thousand years﴿ : (The Ways of Ascent 4).(Yusuf Ali translation of the Quran) – Or in the place and the alike: He reached Mecca in one stride. – The second rule: super-naturalism by adding distinguishing features to the pattern or the alike: merchant: Short (…) His snake heads fingers, which is assigning events related to the function of the hand. – The third rule: super-naturalism by deleting the distinctive features from the pattern and the alike: short merchant (…) without fingers or merchant: Short (…) without belly. – The fourth rule is: super-naturalism by replacing the distinctive features with other ones. Then he stopped at another axis to list the results of the super-naturalism rules: First, the impact of language and its acts in character building: normal / fantastic, so the aptitude here is lexical (substitutional axis standards). Second, the impact of language and its acts in the reproduction of events: by assigning natural events to a character focusing on distinctive features: either a super-natural features, and as a result the events become fantastic, or non supernatural ones and this case, the events become ordinary and usual. And hence the structural aptitude is controlled. He concluded with “the miraculous and prospects of the rhetorical theorizing” section: He stopped at the section of the miraculous in narration where there is breach in the personality and its environment with the lexical units, or by attributing natural events to a superhero character. He concluded his intervention through an open question, why we cannot say that it is like the rhetoricians’ saying: that it was an action assigned to a wrong doer?. This is a question that needs to be answered by rhetoric. The second intervention: “Linguistic terms translation: the book of “Discourse analysis lexicon” by Mangano and Marrone (Abdkader Al Mehiri and Hamadi Samoud’s translation sample)” Dr. Hassan Atalab (Faculty of Arts-Agadir). After thanking the attendees, the professor tackled the topic of his speech, in which he presented some observations about the linguistic term’s translation as it was mentioned in the two lexicons “Discourse analysis” and “linguistics” of Hamadi SAMODI and Abdkader Almehiri. The first lexicon released in 2009 and in 2012 they released the second one “the new encyclopedic lexicon in linguistics”. Dr. Hassan Talib has defined the two lexicons and the method used by the two translators and the difficulties they had with the great amount of terms. He started his speech from the idea of lexicography and wondered whether compiling a lexicon is the same as translating it? what is the difference between compiling and translating lexicons? This is an important question in linguistic translation and discourse analysis. He was interested in the terms which are related to linguistics specially discourse analysis lexicon. Whereas, it is a broad lexicon which contains a lot and different terms that intersect between cognitive psychology and sociological linguistics and psychological linguistics… And this based on discourse analysis which does not have any specific identity or founder. Dr. Hassan Talib indicated that discourse analysis lexicon contains more than 350 terms. And it is the duty of every individual wants to translate these lexicons to clarify in his introduction the methodology of translating these lexicons; whether he is going to provide new translations or keep the previous ones. We notice that the more lexicon’s compilation and translation production increases, the more terms’ inconsistency and confusion there will be. We get surprised by the great number of terms that are new to the reader. This does not detract translators’ effort in coining comprehensible and accurate terms to keep some observations concerning some terms. Dr. Hassan Talib said that the most important characteristics in discourse analysis lexicon counteracted some terms which were unknown or unexplained before. In addition to their strong suggestion, they got out of the ordinary in translating terms and suggesting many concepts. And both lexicons were released in a comprehensible and clear Arabic except for a few paragraphs in which there was severe adhesion to the original text. The two translators attributed this to the accuracy and honesty in transfer. Dr.Talib appointed that we find in the new encyclopedic lexicon of linguistics a lot of literary terms which intersect with linguistics. This lexicon contains 746 pages and approximately 1000 terms in linguistic and literature. this linguistic terms have the largest percentage, which made the two translators to fall in some turmoil in proving the term and breach the rule of putting one equivalent term for a scientific term. Dr. Hassan Talib mentioned that the two translators complained about the idea that many researchers took part in these two lexicons (32 authors in the discourse analysis lexicon and 13 researchers in the linguistic lexicon). He reminded of the effect of many researchers working on the same lexicon knowing that a term is associated with contexts and individuals. These individuals devise terms and employ them according to their perspectives in specific contexts, and this increases the difficulty of translating the concept. As Dr. Talib confirmed that Hamadi Samoud and Abdlkader Almhiri overcame this difficulty through a commendable work by returning to the texts and trying to rely on a single term with reference to understand it in a specific context. He concluded that these two translations are samples of accuracy and effort despite all previous observations. The Fifth Scientific Meeting: The meeting was chaired by Mohamed Altalbi, Arabic Language Faculty- Marrakech, it included three scientific interventions: The second intervention: “Come and go between the concept and the term” Dr Ahmad brisol (Institute of studies and research for Arabization – Mohammed v University). Dr. Ahmad Brisol opened by valuing the efforts of the organizing committee, specially the efforts of the director of Translation Laboratory and Knowledge Integration , Dr. Abdhamid Zahid. Then followed by a series of questions that ran the symposium’s interventions, including: Is the issue of terms a problem of expression, a word or a cognitive problem? Is the term linked to a virtual expression or a theoretical process which is developed through its evolution? Can we return to heritage in order to borrow a set of terms to express new concepts? Is a term an inactive entity or a dynamic moving one? In the end, he wondered about the role of metaphor in terms and if it stays a metaphor or it dies once it creates a meaning? Then he moved to the content of his presentation to focus on synthetic terms which stands for , in his point of view, the semantic expansion and the metaphor breach, and he introduced through this research an approach which shows how the specialized lexicon is based on the process of linking between concepts and the terms; it is the same thing done by a regular speaker, using a mental process to link between the signifier and the signified. But according to the lecturer if it is related to the context of the speaker, it is linked to the theoretical framework and cognitive space for specialized lexicons. In the midst of his speech about the relationship between creativity and terms, the lecturer said that each creative operation needs to create new terms, so the new concept that calls for coining a new term. This is the thing that reflects the mental and psychological activity of the speaker or the specialist in a particular field. The lecturer concluded that these new concepts which are within any theory gain a double significance and this latter cannot stand through definitions or mathematic evidence, but it stands through the involvement of hypothesis that called for the creation of these concepts and its expansion. He confirmed that all these measures lead to the formation of new significance, and this significance is combined on a combination based on a fundamental concept, and thus lead to new generators by metaphors, which confirms that the metaphors, according to the lecturer, is not exclusive to the art of literature alone, but they are a common property to all the fields. This underlines the need to redefine the terms based on theoretical or conceptual themes. The participant concluded his intervention by reiterating his thanks to the organizing committee of this symposium. The second intervention: “Translation and linguistic term’s problems: Models of some multilingual linguistic lexicon and its translation.” Dr. Mohamed Fathi (Regional Centre for Education and Training – Fez). Dr. Mohamed Fathi Started by thanking the organizers and the honorable professor Dr. Ibn Achir, then said that this intervention is an initial one related to a preliminary project to translate the linguistic term which is revolves around several questions, including: What are the theoretical and methodological ways to a translated linguistic term characterized by the attractiveness of common use, accuracy and convenience in use. It is considered as optimal output rather than other terms that could be proposed for the same input? How can we translate a linguistic term and preserve its lexical, semantic, and pragmatic load which relates it to the text network in which it was created? How can we choose from these possibilities to translate a specific term within this perception? He depended in his claim on the following lexicons: Linguistic lexicon to Georges Mulan, linguistic term lexicon to Abdelkader Fassi Fihri, linguistic dictionary to Abdul Salam misaddi. These proposed lexicons are characterized by multiple methodology, method, and approach: The translation of a simple linguistic term by a complex one: « phonétique » phonetics and the translation of a complex linguistic term by a simple one: «morphosyntaxique »: The translation of a linguistic term by an expression «terminologie » lexical codification. These lexicons hearing multiple strategies between innovation, sculpting, Arabization, generating and translation within a diverse approach routes and directions. Then he highlighted the underlying causes of this diversity through various backgrounds including: Cultural, linguistic, and methodological. Then he suggested a new methodology to translate linguistic terms which requires returning to the varied accumulated lexical balance in order to analyze it, characterize it and monitoring its methods. With an attempt to develop a systematical perception to create and translate the linguistic term in Arabic based on restrictions ( phonetics, grammar). The selection process of the selected term by putting it in a table and choosing the term that violates the fewest number of restrictions. And he concluded by summarizing his intervention in which he highlighted the following points: • Considering the term within the concept principle in the text. • Not to limit ourselves to literal translation, but to benefit from what dynamic translation has come up with. • To look at a term associated with terms’ network within the concept of semantic and lexical fields. • To arm ourselves with some theoretical efforts especially what the differentiation theory presents. The third intervention was: The role of translation in the journey of terms between sciences: The linguistic term sample” Professor Houda Rawda and Professor Leila El Ghezouani (College of Arts and Humanities-Marrakech). The two researchers identified the problematic in their intervention in the following inquiries:  Can we talk about the journey of terms between sciences?  What are the causes behind the journey of terms?  Did translation contributed to this journey? and how? To answer these problematic issues we divided the research into three sections: The first section concerns the term and science and through this the importance of the term in scientific language and the transfer of the term from a linguistic level to an idiomatic one, then moving from its field of reference to another one. We mean here the journey of terms between sciences, that is the topic of the second section of this intervention. Where she addressed the journey of terms between the traditional science as dogmatism, compilation, inclusion, and circumlocution in terms transferred from science into another because of the intersection of those sciences. While the transfer of terms between modern sciences, it is worth mentioning that scientific terms dominated the modern era, because of the effect of the scientific theories in different sciences including linguistics and literature. There are terms in linguistics coming from some medical sciences, physics, and mathematics because of mutual benefits in these fields. Then the intervention dealt with in the third section: “the role of translation in the journey of terms between sciences”: Highlighting the role of translation in the transfer of linguistic terms because of the fact that Arabic language lacks monolingual lexicons and mono-vision of scientific language is almost inexistent. Then she presented some samples of the transfer of translated linguistic terms from one cognitive field to another. She also gave an example of the term ‘projection’ which is a mathematic term transferred to various sciences such as physics and psychology to reach the generative and interpretive linguistics. In addition to the term transfer which was translated into Arabic from different French terms and becomes part of translation science. Honorary Session: This session was chaired by Dr. Mustafa Moulay Obouhazem, Faculty of Arts and human Sciences, Marrakech, it has included a series of testimonials: Dr. Moulay Mustafa Abu Hazim expressed his thanks and gratitude to Translation laboratory and knowledge integration and to the research team of rhetoric and text for what they did to make this symposium successful, and which aims to honor one of the Moroccan university symbols: His Eminence Dr. Hassan Benaeshr. Dr. Abu Hazim has spoken about the scientific status of Dr. Benaeshr, which was represented in the several years of contribution toward his students and colleagues, who in return took part in this symposium to show gratitude and love to Dr. Hassan Benaeshr. The first speakers: Dr. Abdul Rahim Barada paid tribute to the board of trustees of this program specially the Translation Laboratory and Knowledge Integration represented in the person of Professor: Abdel Hamid Zahid. And he spoke about how he had met the professor Benaeshr in the mid-eighties, as a colleague in teaching, and he pointed out to what professor Benaeshr has given from professional services and help which tied their bounds. After the comment of the chair person, the professor and poet, Mr. Mohamed Merah intervened and explained what distinguishes Dr. Benaeshr from high morals: such as modesty generosity and decency. He concluded by thanking the Translation and Qu’ran meanings laboratory for what it did for the sake of honoring science and scientists. Then Dr. Mohammed Omenzoa interfered and he spoke about the professional companionship he had with professor Benaeshr. And the perfect harmony they have as professors in the same university. And the moral qualities he holds: Dedication and devotion to work and High moral standards. Then Dr. Mohamed Makhewad took the word and pointed out to the status of the professor among its colleagues and students. He was characterized by high moral standards and remarkable scientific abilities which made him a model for those who loved him and a walking encyclopedia according to Dr. Makhewad. In his intervention Dr. Ahmed Zeroual thanked Professor Abdel Hamid Zahid for his invitation to participate in this honoring day. And he spoke about his relationship Dr. Benaeshr which has been moved beyond fellowship to a solid friendship and good standards that characterized the personality of Dr. Benaeshr, including: Generosity, cooperation, advice, loyalty and patience. Dr. Mohammed Ataiwki, talked about the generation of Dr. Benaeshr, pointing out that he grew up in the light of the knowledge of Imam al-Ghazali or what is known as traditional education. While there was another generation grew up in the shadow of Descartes cognitive, or what is known as modern education, there was a conflict between the directions: Modern education / traditional education. Some of them could sway between tradition and modernity. And Dr. Benaesh was one of those who could combine between the two directions. The honoring session has witnessed the intervening of Dr. Mohammed Basbas who summarized his speech by inviting the attendance to stand to show veneration and respect recalling the poet’s line: Stand up for the teacher and glorify him….He could have been a messenger. Mr. the Dean of the Arabic Language Faculty concluded the interventions of this session by expressing his thanks and gratitude to the organizers of this symposium and to all the participants and attendance. And he called Dr. Benaesh to give a speech in this occasion through which he thanked every person who participated in the organization of this cultural days, starting from the Translation laboratory and knowledge integration and the research team in the Arabic Language Faculty and Finally the participants in the symposium, professors and students. He concluded his speech by thanking every person helped him in his scientific career: Professors, colleagues, students, and his family. After that the Dean of the Arabic language Faculty, Mohamed Al azhari handed Dr. Benaesh a crystal shield as a gift of appreciation and concluded the works of this symposium. Then he took a memorial picture with Dr. Hassan Benaeshr.